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24. Ethical decision-making in healthcare

Ethical decision-making in healthcare means making the right choices that respect patients’ rights, dignity, and safety — even when situations are difficult. It involves doing what is morally right, following professional rules, and ensuring that every patient receives fair and compassionate care.

Example:
If a patient refuses medication, a nursing assistant should not force them. Instead, they should respect the patient’s choice and report it to the nurse. Respecting a patient’s right to choose is an ethical action.

Live Case:
A nursing assistant in a care home in South Africa noticed another worker speaking harshly to an elderly patient. She gently intervened and reported it to her supervisor. The management thanked her for acting ethically — protecting the patient’s dignity and upholding professional values.

Apply it now:

Respect patient rights: always maintain privacy, confidentiality, and informed consent.

Be honest: report all observations truthfully — never hide or change information.

Do no harm: handle patients gently, follow safety rules, and avoid shortcuts.

Seek guidance: when unsure about what’s right, ask a supervisor or nurse.

Treat everyone equally: show kindness and respect to all patients, regardless of background or condition.

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